| Annotation |
The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of impact destruction of solid and frozen soils and rocks. The classification of factors influencing the energy efficiency of excavation and mining is presented. The main attention in the study is paid to the analysis of rock mass destruction by single and double percussion tools. The schemes of the deformations development in the massif as a result of the impact on it with one or two indenters under impact action are considered. The schemes of the destruction phases’ development of soil and rock massif, both with single and paired impact of percussion instruments, are considered step by step. It is noted that when a double percussion tool is applied to a destructible medium, the efficiency of rock mass destruction increases due to the intensive formation of a general stress field between the indenters, which leads to the formation of a compaction core in this zone with the subsequent destruction of the monolith. It was found that the optimal distance between indenters operating in pairs is a constant value for each rock and does not depend on the indenter diameter. The schemes of dynamic loads propagation from the sources to the operator with the rigid connection of the working body and the working body equipped with an additional connection are presented. Analysis of rock mass destruction by percussion tools made it possible to propose constructive solutions for the executive bodies of earth-moving machines that ensure the redistribution of the reactive forces arising from the impact into the zone of destruction of the soil or rock mass, which significantly reduces the effect of dynamic loads on the base machine and the operator. On the example of a percussion ripper with a balancing weight, an analytical dependence is presented in which the impact energy is redistributed to the zone of destruction of the massif |
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