| Annotation |
The work is an intermediate result of many years of petroarcheological research in the Transbaikal region to identify and fix the sources of mineral raw materials used for the production of stone tools in the Stone Age of the province. Based on the geological data, for the first time for Transbaikalia, geological and archaeological mapping of the territory and correlation of known mineral outcrops were carried out, with the location of the main Stone Age sites from the middle to the final Paleolithic inclusive discovered for now. The analysis used data on the geological mapping of Transbaikalia on a scale of 1 : 200 000 and 1 50 000, carried out by the Chita Geological Administration and Chita -Geology enterprise in the period 1949–1992, reflected in the geological maps of the corresponding scales. The article develops the authors\' views on the relationship of locations of archaeological sites with the localization of paleovolcanoes, in the process of forming which chalcedony, jasper and other high-silicon rocks are formed, which are sources of raw materials for the production of stone age tools in Transbaikalia. The territory of the region is considered by the five agate-bearing zones, previously allocated during its assessment of agate-chalcedony and jasper raw materials. A characteristic of the distribution of this raw material in the Khiloksko-Chikoyskaya, Udino-Vitimskaya, Priononskaya, Priargunskaya and Prishilkinskaya zones were identified earlier. The article also provides data on the findings of archaeological materials in the course of geological survey, confirming the theory of the connection of archaeological monuments of the Stone Age with paleovolcanes of Transbaikalia. It was established that, as a raw material for the Stone Age industries in Transbaikalia, besides chalcedony and jasper, lamprophyres, micro shale, microquartzite, hornfelses effusives, tuff-sandstones, were widely used. In the fields of development of miarolitic and noncaviti pegmatites developed in the Malkhan Ridge, finds of tools made of quartz crystals, including rock crystal, smoky quartz, and morion, are known. Smoky quartz and rock crystal were used in microtechnics technology |
| References |
References
1. Barabashev E. V., Trushcheva N. A. Geologicheskaya karta masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Vostochno-Zabaykalskaya. List M-50-VII. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (Geological map of 1: 200 000 scale. Ser. East Transbaikal. Sheet M-50-VII. Explanatory note). Mingeo USSR, 1983. 127 p.
2. Geologicheskoe stroenie Chitinskoy oblasti. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska k geologicheskoy karte masshtaba 1 : 500 000 (Geological structure of the Chita region. Explanatory note to the geological map of 1: 500 000 scale); K. K. Anashkina, K. S. Butin, F. I. Enikeev (etc.); rep. ed. I. G. Rutstein, N. N. Chaban. Chita: Committee on geology and subsoil use of the Chita Region, 1997. 239 p.
3. Derevyanko A. P., Markin S. V., Vasiliev S. A. Paleolitovedenie: vvedenie i osnovy (Paleolithic: introduction and basis). Novosibirsk: Science, 1994. 288 p.
4. Enikeev F. I. Severnaya Evraziya v antropogene: chelovek, paleotekhnologiya, geoehkologiya, etnologiya i antropologiya: sb. st. (Northern Eurasia in Anthropogen: man, paleotechnology, geo-ecology, ethnology and anthropology: collected articles), Irkutsk: Reprint, 2007, vol. 1, pp. 232–236.
5. Enikeev F. I. Drevnie kultury Mongolii i Baykalskoy Sibiri: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Ancient cultures of Mongolia and Baikal Siberia: materials of the Intern. scientific-practical conf.), Irkutsk, 2013, pp. 61–67.
6. Misnik Yu. F. Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Vostochno-Zabaykalskaya. List N-50-XXXV. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (Geological map of the USSR scale 1: 200 000. Ser. East Transbaikal. Sheet N-50-XXXV. Explanatory note). Moscow: USSR Mingeo, 1970. 106 p.
7. Penyagin Yu. D., Matlashova L. A., Zharkov V. M. Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Olekmo-Vitimskaya. List N-50-XXI. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (Geological map of the USSR scale 1: 200 000. Ser. Olekmo-Vitimskaya. Sheet N-50-XXI. Explanatory note). Moscow: USSR Mingeo, 1979. 107 p.
8. Petrun V. F. Sovremennoe naukovedenie i perestroyka sovetskoy nauki: materialy mezhdunar. simpoziuma po naukovedeniyu i nauchno-tehnicheskomu prognozirovaniyu (Modern science of science and restructuring of Soviet science: materials of the Intern. Symposium on Science and Scientific and Technical Forecasting), Kiev, 1990, part 1, pp. 77–78.
9. Pekhterev S. N., Nechepaev E. V., Artamonova N. A., Vologdin M. A., Dukhovsky A. A., Enikeev F. I., Kozhunova S. V., Krutkina O. N., Stupina T. A., Chetverikov, M. Ye., Shor G. M. Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Masshtab 1 : 1 000 000 (tretie pokolenie). Ser. Aldano-Zabaykalskaya. List M-49. Petrovsk-Zabaykalskiy. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (State geological map of the Russian Federation. Scale 1: 1 000 000 (third generation). Ser. Aldano-Zabaykalskaya. Sheet M-49. Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky. Explanatory note). St. Petersburg: VSEGEI, 2012. 438 p.
10. Tryanin Yu. P., Borisov V. G., Ozersky A. F. Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Olekmo-Vitimskaya. List N-50-XI. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (Geological map of the USSR scale 1: 200 000. Ser. Olekmo-Vitimskaya. Sheet N-50-XI. Explanatory note). Moscow: Mingeo USSR, 1984. 110 p.
11. Shenfil V. Yu., Chatskis I. D. Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Vostochno-Zabaykalskaya. List N-50-XXXIV. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (Geological map of the USSR scale 1: 200 000. Ser. East Transbaikal. Sheet N-50-XXXIV. Explanatory note). Moscow: Nedra, 1970. 72 p.
12. Demars P. Y. Cahiers du Quaternaire (Cahiers du Quaternaire), 1982, no. 5.
13. Miller R. ERAUL (ERAUL), 2001, no. 91.
14. Moroz P., Yurgenson G. ERAUL (ERAUL), 2014, no. 140, pp. 94–107.
15. Sieveking G., Newcomer G. Proceedings of the Fourth International Flint Symposium, held at Brighton Polytechnic (Proceedings of the Fourth International Flint Symposium, held at Brighton Polytechnic), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; New York, 1983, 263 p.
|
