| Article |
|---|
| Article name |
Creation of clusters as a mechanism for the implementation of innovative policy in the European union (case of innovation clusters in Germany) |
| Authors |
Kirsanova E.. , |
| Bibliographic description |
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| Category |
Politology |
| DOI |
323 |
| DOI |
10.21209/2227-9245-2020-26-1-93-100 |
| Article type |
|
| Annotation |
The article analyzes the principles and features of creating clusters in the European Union. The basis was taken on the successful experience in implementing cluster policy in Germany. The author focuses on the fact that for about three decades, the construction of clusters has been one of the central mechanisms for implementing innovation policy.
The author takes attention to the fact that currently there are two main approaches to the interpretation of state innovation policy: as an integral part of the socio-economic policy of the state and as an integral part of the state scientific, technical and industrial policy.
It is important to note that the understanding of the need to build clusters falls mainly at the end of the 80s – beginning 90s of the XXth century, however, the creation and functioning of technology parks can be considered as a prehistory of cluster formation. So, in particular in Europe, they appear in the 1970s – 1980s, which is usually attributed to the second wave of the spread of technology parks in the world.
The creation of clusters in the 1990s ensured the narrow specialization of the countries of the European Union; therefore, this process was accompanied by a shift in the orientation from the production of consumer goods to the formation of large industrial clusters related to high-tech industries.
Speaking about the cluster policy of Germany, the author notes a number of its features. In particular, the central principles of Germany’s cluster policy are the development of networking, cross-border cooperation, access to world markets, reducing the asymmetry of German lands, as well as support, primarily, small and medium-sized enterprises, which initiate the creation and development of innovations within clusters. And as the priority areas, emphasis is placed on the development of biotechnological and medical clusters.
In addition, the author concludes that, using the clustering policy, the German government tried to solve several problems related to NBIC-technologies (N: nano-, B: bio-, I: info-, C: Cog- Technology), which should form the core of the 6th technological structure
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| Key words |
innovation cluster; innovation; innovation policy; innovation infrastructure; European Union; cluster policy of Germany; clustering; national innovation system; innovation process; innovation activity |
| Article information |
Kirsanova Е. Creation of clusters as a mechanism for the implementation of innovative policy in the European union (case of innovation clusters in Germany) // Transbaikal State University Journal, 2020, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 93–100. DOI: 10.21209/2227-9245-2020-26-1-93-100. |
| References |
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| Full article | Creation of clusters as a mechanism for the implementation of innovative policy in the European union (case of innovation clusters in Germany) |
