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The article analyzes the long-term trends and assesses the dynamics of agricultural production in the regions of Russia; the comparative characteristics of the productivity of agricultural production in the regions and contribution of the agricultural sector in the production to gross regional product. For the Ural and Siberian Federal districts, the indices of agricultural production and gross regional product are compared, the pattern of intensive reduction of the correlation between these indicators is revealed, which indicates a reduction in the role of the agricultural sector in the regional economy.
Three groups of regions of the Russian Federation, differing by the level of specialization, are analyzed: non-specialized, specialized and deeply specialized, indicators of productivity of production activity of agrarian sector of economy are compared and the assessment of social and economic distinctions in groups of regions using the relative indicators of dynamics and specific indicators is carried out. The significance of differences in the values of indicators by groups of regions is estimated. The presence of regions’ differentiation, to varying degrees specializing in the production of agricultural products, in terms of the performance of the regional economy as a whole (GRP per capita) and dynamics of the agricultural sector of the economy (agricultural production growth index) is found. It is proved that the more intensive growth of both regional GRP and even more intensive growth of agricultural production correspond the increasing of agricultural specialization of the regions of Russia. With the increasing of the regions’ specialization, specific indicators are improving: the index of GRP growth per capita and the index of agricultural output growth per capita of the rural population. Regions with a high share of the agricultural sector in the economy are characterized by a lower level of socio-economic development, but also a higher growth rate of production indicators, that should be taken into account when developing programs of state agricultural policy
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