| Annotation |
For the first time for the territory of the Transbaikal region, geological and archaeological mapping of the main Stone Age monuments, from the middle to the final Paleolithic, was revealed. A map of their location on a geological basis of a scale of 1 : 1 000 000 is shown, which shows the location of 46 archaeological sites. The formation and formation of their valleys are due to the zones of operation in the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic rift magmatism. The spatial connection of most monuments with the zones of development of Mesozoic volcanism, which are sources of mineral raw materials for the Stone Age industries, has been established. The article provides a summary of all known archaeological monuments for each of the development zones of chalcedony, jasper and other rocks associated with paleovolcan. The data on the new discoveries by the authors of archaeological materials in the process of expedition work in the fields of the development of Mesozoic volcanism, which confirmed ideas about the connection of archaeological monuments of the Stone Age with Paleo-volcanoes of Transbaikalia, are given. The revealed pattern as a whole turned out to be true for both Western and Eastern Transbaikalia. It was confirmed that in the Paleolithic, along with the traditional for the late pore and the final stage chalcedony and jasper raw materials, volcanic rocks such as lavas, glasses, felsites, dacites, andesites and basalts, as well as various hornfelses and horny volcanites were widely used. The archaeological monuments of the Sukhotinsky archaeological complex in the vicinity of the city of Chita, located within the Triassic Paleo-Volcano, of the Titovskaya Sopka are considered as such examples. The Sakhyurtinsky archaeological complex in the Aginsky Buryatsky district, associated with the Jurassic paleovolcano Dunda-Aga, is considered. The first data on the archaeological complex of monuments Yashmovaya Gora in the Nerchinsko-Zavodsky district of the Transbaikal region discovered in 2016, as well as on the monuments of Belaya Griva in the vicinity of Krasnokamensk and Nagadan, previously assigned to the Middle Paleolithic, are given |
| References |
1. Anashkina K. K., Butin K. S., Enikeev F. I., Kinyakin A. V., Krasnov V. P., Krivenko V. A., Oleksive B. I., Pinayeva T. A., Rutshtein I. G., Semenov V. N., Starukhina L. P., Chaban N. N., Shulika E. V. Geologicheskoe stroenie Chitinskoy oblasti. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska k geologicheskoy karte masshtaba 1 : 500 000 (Geological structure of the Chita region. Explanatory note to the geological map of 1: 500 000 scale). Chita: Committee on Geology and Subsoil Use of the Chita Region, 1997. 239 p.
2. Vetrov V. M. Baykalskaya Sibir v drevnosti: sbornik nauchnyh trudov (Baikal Siberia in antiquity: collected scientific papers), Irkutsk: ISU, 1995, pp. 30–40.
3. Vetrov V. M. Baykalskaya Sibir v drevnosti: sbornik nauchnyh trudov (Baikal Siberia in antiquity: collected scientific papers), Irkutsk: ISU, 1995, pp. 49–53.
4. Enikeev F. I. Severnaya Evraziya v antropogene: chelovek, paleotekhnologiya, geoehkologiya, etnologiya i antropologiya: sbornik (Northern Eurasia in Anthropogen: man, paleotechnology, geo-ecology, ethnology and anthropology: collected scientific papers), Irkutsk: Reprint, 2007, vol. 1, pp. 232–236.
5. Enikeev F. I. Drevnie kultury Mongolii i Baykalskoy Sibiri (Ancient cultures of Mongolia and Baikal Siberia), Irkutsk, 2013, pp. 61–67.
6. Leifman E. M., Kirilyuk V. P., Sivoronov A. A. Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Olekmo-Vitimskaya. List N-5-XXIV. Ob”yasnitel’naya zapiska (Geological map of the USSR scale 1: 200 000. Ser. Olekmo-Vitimskaya. Sheet N-5-XXIV. Explanatory note). Moscow: Nedra, 1971. 72 p.
7. Misnik Yu. F. Geologicheskaya karta SSSR masshtaba 1 : 200 000. Ser. Vostochno-Zabaykalskaya. List N-50-XXXV. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska (Geological map of the USSR scale 1: 200 000. Ser. East Transbaikal. Sheet N-50-XXXV. Explanatory note). Moscow: USSR Mingeo, 1970. 106 p.
8. Pekhterev S. N., Nechepaev E. V., Artamonova N. A., Vologdin M. A., Dukhovsky A. A., Enikeev F. I., Kozhunova S. V., Krutkina O. N., Stupina T. A., Chetverikov M. E, Shor G. M. State geological map of the Russian Federation. Scale 1: 1,000,000 (third generation). Ser. Aldano-Zabaykalskaya. Sheet M-49 - Petrovsk Zabaykalsky. Explanatory note (Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiyskoy federatsii. Masshtab 1 : 1 000 000 (tret’e pokolenie). Ser. Aldano-Zabaykalskaya. List M-49 – Petrovsk Zabaykalskiy. Obyasnitelnaya zapiska). St. Petersburg: VSEGEI, 2012. 438 p.
9. Razgildeeva I. I., Moroz P. V. Stratum Plus (Stratum Plus), 2017, no. 2, pp. 17–43.
10. Shamsutdinov V. Kh. Byulleten Komissii po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda (Bulletin of the Commission for the Study of the Quaternary Period), 1966, no. 32, pp. 17–23.
11. Dibble H. L. Raw Material Economies Among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers (Raw Material Economies Among Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers), Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1991, pp. 33–46.
12. Miller R. ERAUL (ERAUL), 2001, no. 91, 220 p.
13. Moroz P., Yurgenson G. ERAUL (ERAUL), 2014, no. 140, pp. 94–107.
|
