Article
Article name Slopes of Uplifts Of The Earth’s Surface: Structural Impact of Mantle Plumes of Low Thermal Power
Authors
Bibliographic description Kirdyashkin A. A., Kirdyashkin A. G. Slopes of Uplifts Of The Earth’s Surface: Structural Impact of Mantle Plumes of Low Thermal Power // Transbaikal State University Journal. 2023. Vol. 29, no. 4. P. 8–18. DOI: 10.2109/2227-9245-2023-29-4-8-18.
Category Earth and Environmental Sciences
DOI 55, 551.2, 551.14, 532.5
DOI 10.2109/2227-9245-2023-29-4-8-18
Article type
Annotation The flow structure, which is organized under the influence of a horizontal pressure gradient in the uplift slope is considered. The forces that cause disruptions of the uplift slope and determine its structure are investigated. The object of the study is the slopes of uplifts of the Earth’s surface. The aim of the study is to establish the conditions under which flows are created in a high-viscosity uplift slope and to determine the main forces causing the formation of slope breaks and the formation of the slope structure. It is shown that there is a horizontal pressure gradient in the uplift slope. Under this gradient horizontal flows are organized in the high-viscosity uplift slope. The viscous flow in the uplift slope is analyzed using a model of the viscous (Newtonian) fluid flow in a layer with an inclined upper (free) surface. The flow velocity distribution over the layer height is obtained. The condition for creating a block structure of the uplift slope under strain conditions is established. The dependence of the driving (gravitational) force due to the horizontal pressure gradient on the viscosity of the block is presented. It has been established that a disruption of the uplift slope flow is formed when the magnitude of the elastic deformation force of the rupture is equal to the difference between the magnitudes of the driving force and the friction force at the slope bottom. The processes occurring in the area of block separation are analyzed using data of laboratory and theoretical studies of the viscous outflow from a rectangular vessel. The dependence of the average flow velocity and the time of the first period of filling the free volume on the horizontal size of the layer are presented for different viscosities of the slope material. Expressions are obtained for lowering of the free surface level of the slope, which occurs due to the filling of the free volume between the blocks, as well as for the horizontal size of the lowering area. Based on the results of geodynamic modeling, the structure of the uplift slope is presented.
Key words geodynamic modeling, elevation slope, horizontal pressure gradient, viscous liquid, dynamic viscosity, flow velocity, driving force, elastic deformation force, free volume, lowering of the surface
Article information
References 1. Asoyan D. S., Petrushina M. N., Khain V. E. The Greater Caucasus. Great Russian Encyclopedia. Electronic version. 2016. Web. 31.10.2023. https://old.bigenc.ru/geography/text/1877178. (In Rus.). 2. Astamirova M. A.-M., Taysumov M. A., Ataev Z. V., Baybatyrova E. R. Physical and geographical conditions of vegetation cover formation in the Alpine belt of high mountain landscapes in the Central and Eastern Caucasus. Dagestan State Pedagogical University Journal. Natural and Exact Sciences, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 35–45, 2021. DOI: 10.31161/1995-0675-2021-15-2-35-45. (In Rus.). 3. Belousov V. V. Fundamentals of geotectonics. Moscow: Nedra, 1989. (In Rus.). 4. Gurbanov A. G., Bogatikov O. A., Dokuchaev A. Ya., Gazeev V. M., Lexin A. B., Lyashenko O. V. Transcaucasian direction of volcanism: cause, consequences and epithermal mineralization. Bulletin of Vladikavkaz Scientific Center, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 25–44, 2007. (In Rus.). 5. Lukk A. A., Shevchenko V. I. Seismicity, tectonics, and GPS geodynamics of the Caucasus. Fizika Zemli, no. 4, pp. 99–123, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002-33372019499-123. (In Rus.). 6. Milanovsky E. E. Neotectonics of Caucasus. Moscow: Nedra, 1968. (In Rus.). 7. Nesmeyanov S. A., Voeikova O. A., Komarevskaya M. N. Neostructural zoning of the Russian part of the Greater Caucasus megavault, the Central segment (advanced studies for engineering survey). Geoecology. Engineering Geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology, no. 1, pp. 3–20, 2023. DOI: 10.31857/S0869780923010083. (In Rus.). 8. Nesmeyanov S. A., Nikitin M. Yu., Voeikova O. A., Komarevskaya M. N. Neostructural zoning of the Russian part of the Kazbek segment of the Greater Caucasus megavault. Geoecology. Engineering Geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology, no. 3, pp. 5–14, 2023. DOI: 10.31857/S0869780923030086. (In Rus.). 9. Safronov I. N. Geomorphology of the North Caucasus. Rostov-on-Don: Rostov State University Publishing House, 1969. (In Rus.). 10. Bergman S. C., Eldrett J. S., Minisini D. Phanerozoic large igneous province, petroleum system, and source rock links. In: Large igneous provinces: A driver of global environmental and biotic changes. Geophysical Monograph 255. Eds R. E. Ernst, A. J. Dickson, A. Bekker. Hoboken: Wiley, Washington: American Geophysical Union, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/9781119507444.ch9. (In Eng.). 11. Choudhuri M., Nemčok M. Mantle plumes and their effects. Cham: Springer, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978- 3-319-44239-6. (In Eng.). 12. Göğüş O. H. Geodynamic experiments suggest that mantle plume caused Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province in Southern China. International Geology Review, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/00206814.2020.1855602. (In Eng.). 13. Heron P. J. Mantle plumes and mantle dynamics in the Wilson cycle. In: Fifty years of the Wilson cycle concept in plate tectonics. Eds R. W. Wilson, G. A. Houseman, K. J. W. McCaffrey, A. G. Doré, S. J. H. Buiter. Vol. 470. London: Geological Society Special Publications. DOI: 10.1144/sp470-2018-97. (In Eng.). 14. Kirdyashkin A. A., Kirdyashkin A. G. Conditions for the formation of uplift by a plume that has not reached the surface. Geotectonics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 781–790, 2022. DOI: 10.1134/S0016852122060048. (In Eng.). 15. Kirdyashkin A. G., Kirdyashkin A. A. Mantle thermochemical plumes and their influence on the formation of highlands. Geotectonics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 332–341, 2015. DOI: 10.1134/S0016852115040032. (In Eng.). 16. Niu Y. On the cause of continental breakup: A simple analysis in terms of driving mechanisms of plate tectonics and mantle plumes. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 194, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j. jseaes.2020.104367. (In Eng.). 17. Schlichting H., Gersten K. Boundary-layer theory. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2017. (In Eng.).
Full articleSlopes of Uplifts Of The Earth’s Surface: Structural Impact of Mantle Plumes of Low Thermal Power