| Annotation |
At present, the problem of ensuring the environmental safety of tailings dumps
and dams holding them is acute in the mining cluster not only in Russia, but also in the
world. Stale tailings located in a hydraulic structure are man-made deposits and are
considered as an object of development in the future. Therefore, the formation of a
database of the areas of the water mirror of the basins of the cascade of tailings for a
long period of operation is an urgent scientific problem. It is important to analyze and
predict potential threats to the city-forming mining enterprise and nearby territories.
This problem can be solved by using geoinformation systems and multispectral data.
The object of the research is a complex of tailings dumps’ cascades of the Darasunsky
mine. The goal is to provide spatio-temporal assessment of the areas of the water
mirror of the basins of the tailings dumps’ cascade of the Darasunsky mine for the period
from 1997 to 2022 in order to predict environmental safety. The research objectives
are the following: assessment of the environmental situation at the Darasunsky
mine; selection of the optimal method for decoding the water surface; collection and
formation of an archive of remote sensing data; calculation of spectral indices and
retrospective analysis of changes in the water surface area of the tailings of the Darasunsky
mine; forecast of emergency situations of lithospheric, hydrospheric, airborne,
biological pollution. A spatio-temporal assessment of the areas of the water mirror of
the basins of the tailing dumps’ cascade has been made to assess the use intensity
of these structures with the construction of graphs of changes in the areas of the
water surface over a 25-year period. Thanks to the division of the tailings storage into
cascades, it has become possible to locally determine the filling of 4 tailings sections
with tailings pulp. The data obtained allow monitoring for the rational use, conservation,
stopping the operation of hydraulic structures (in particular tailings dumps), their
impact on the environment. The use of spectral water indices according to the remote
sensing data of the Landsat program will allow predicting and preventing emergency
situations at the tailings dump, which has been in operation for many decades, to
prevent the overflow of water over the crest and body of the enclosing dams. |
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