| Annotation |
The subject of this article is the political and social reforms of Peter the Great, considered in the context of the world-historical process. The subject of the study is the political and social reforms carried out by Peter the Great, which, on the one hand, accelerated, and on the other hand, hampered the modernization of Russia, its formation as a European and world power. The purpose of the study is to identify and determine the links between Peter the Great\'s political and social transformations and the logic of the world-historical process. The theoretical and methodological basis of scientific and philosophical research are the concepts of socio-economic formations of K. Marx, the stages of economic growth of W. W. Rostow, the post-industrial society of D. Bell and the «third wave» of E. Toffler. The absolutist state built during Peter the Great\'s transformations and the establishment of an unlimited monarchy corresponded to the development of the last stage of feudalism in Russia, which flourished in a number of Western European countries in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The streamlining of the structure of public administration is quite consistent with the rationalization of the bureaucratic apparatus in the Western European countries of that time. The formation of the nobility as a class, the growth of the merchant class, the division of urban residents into regular and irregular, the emergence of industrialists and «possessional peasants», the strengthening of serfdom, the emergence of a social stratum consisting of knowledge workers, although contradictory, but generally fit into the hierarchical structure of European late feudal society and the beginning of Modern times. As a result, the modernization carried out by Peter the Great brought Russia into the circle of leading European powers, brought it from the sidelines onto the road of the world historical process. It was thanks to the political and social experience, borrowed in many respects from the leading European powers, that Russia at that time took a worthy place on the world stage. Peter\'s transformations and their results remain relevant to this day and can be in demand again |
| References |
1. Marks K., Engels F. Vneshnyaya politika russkogo tsarizma (The foreign policy of Russian tsarism). Moscow: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1962. Vol. 22. 845 p.
2. Lenin V. I. O «levom» rebyachestve i o melkoburzhuaznosti (On the “left” childishness and petty bourgeoisness). 5th ed. Moscow: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1974. Vol. 36. 314 p.
3. Soloviyov S. M. Publichnye chteniya o Petre Velikom (Public readings about Peter the Great). Moscow: Mysl, 1995. 152 p.
4. Klyuchevsky V. O. Rossiya v istoricheskikh portretakh (Russia in historical portraits). Moscow: Delibri, 2015. 768 p.
5. Aksakov A. S. Neskolko slov o russkoy istorii, vozbuzhdennykh «Istoriey» g. Soloviyova (A few words about Russian history, excited by the “History” of the city Solovyov). Moscow: Institute of Russian Civilization, 2009. 609 p.
6. Kukovenko V. I. Kak podmenili Petra I (How Peter I was replaced). Moscow: Eksmo, 2011. 256 p.
7. Anisimov E. V. Pyotr Pervy: blago ili zlo dlya Rossii? (Peter the Great: good or evil for Russia?). Moscow: New Literary Review, 2017. 272 p.
8. Mezentsev S. D., Mezentsev I. S. Vestnik Zabaykalskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Bulletin of the Transbaikal State University), 2018, Vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 87–94.
9. Chernikova T. V. Istoriya Rossii (History of Russia). Moscow: Aspect-Press, 2019. Vol. 1. 667 p.
10. Pyotr Velikiy i yintellektualny mir: tsirkulyatsiya znaniy, vzaimovliyanie (1689–1727) (Peter the Great and the European Intellectual World: Circulation of Knowledge, Mutual Influence (1689–1727)). Paris; St. Petersburg: European House, 2020. 760 p.
11. Eydelman N. Ya. «Revolyutsiya sverkhu» v Rossii (“Revolution from above” in Russia). Moscow: Mysl, 1989. 171 p.
12. Marks K., Engels F. Ekonomicheskiye rukopisi 18571857–18591859 godov (Economic manuscripts of 1857–1859). Moscow: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1968. Vol. 46. 317 p.
13. Marks K., Engels F. Ekonomicheskaya rukopis 1861–1863 godov (Economic manuscript of 1861–1863). Moscow: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1980. Vol. 48. 683 p.
14. Rostou V. V. Stadii ekonomicheskogo rosta (Stages of economic growth). New York: Frederick A. Praeger Publishing House, 1961. 242 p.
15. Bell D. Gryadushee postindustrialnoe obshestvo. Opyt sotsialnogo prognozirovaniya (The coming post-industrial society. The experience of social forecasting). Moscow: Academia, 2004. 944 p.
16. Toffler E. Tretiya volna (The third wave). Moscow: AST, 2009. 800 p.
17. Ilin V.V., Panarin A. S., Akhiezer A.S. Reformy i kontrreformy v Rossii. Tsikly modernizatsionnogo protsessa (Reforms and counter-reforms in Russia. Cycles of the modernization process). Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1996. 400 p.
18. Sizemskaya I. N. Filosofskaya mysl (Philosophical thought), 2016, no 7, pp. 69–88.
19. Alekseeva E.V. Voprosy istorii (Questions of History), 2006, no. 2, pp. 15–30.
20. Gradovsky A. D. Vysshaya administratsiya Rossii XVIII st. i general-prokurory (The Supreme Administration of Russia of the XVIII century. and the Chief Prosecutor). St. Petersburg: Printing House of M.M. Stasyulevich, 1899. 297 p.
21. Bezhanidze G. V., Firsov A. G. Vestnik istoricheskogo obshhestva Sankt-Peterburgskoy Dukhovnoy akademii (Bulletin of the Historical Society of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy), 2021, no. 1, pp. 41–50.
22. Feofan Prokopovich. Pravda voli monarshey v opredelenii naslednika derzhavy svoey (The truth of the monarch\'s will in determining the heir of her power). Moscow: Moscow Printing House, 1726. 88 p.
23. Vasilenko S. A. Obshhestvo: filosofiya, istoriya, kultura. Nauchny zhurnal (Society: philosophy, history, culture. Scientific journal), 2018. no. 6, pp. 35–38.
24. Kareev N. I. Zapadnoevropeyskaya monarkhiya XVI, XVII i XVIII vekov (The Western European monarchy of the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries). St. Petersburg: Printing house of M.M. Stasyulevich, 1908. 460 p.
25. Gradovsky A. D. Sistemy mestnogo samoupravleniya na Zapade Evropy i v Rossii (Systems of local self-government in the West of Europe and in Russia). St. Petersburg: Printing house of V. Bezobrazov and Co., 1878. Vol. 5. 530 p.
26. Pavlov-Silvansky N. P. Gosudarevy sluzhilye lyudi: Proiskhozhdenie russkogo dvoryanstva (The sovereign\'s servants: The Origin of the Russian nobility). St. Petersburg: State Printing House, 1898. 330 p.
27. Romanko V.I., Shevtsov V.V. Institutsionalnaya transformatsiya ekonomiki Rossii v usloviyakh no-voy realnosti (Institutional transformation of the Russian economy in the conditions of a new reality). Krasnodar: Ministry of Energy Krasnodar center of scientific and technical information , 2017. Pp. 389–395.
28. Zhukova L.N., Zhukova O.G. Russkoe kupechestvo. Genii Dela i tvortsy istorii (Russian merchants. Geniuses of Business and creators of history). Moscow: Veche, 2017. 352 p.
29. Efremova I. S. Istoriko-pravovye problemy: novy rakurs (Historical and legal problems: a new perspective), 2019, no. 1, pp. 133–142.
30. Udintsev V.A. Posessionnoe pravo (The right of succession). Kiev: Printing House of the Imperial University of St. Vladimir V.I. Zavadsky, 1896. 238 p.
31. Lebedev V.I. Bulavinskoe vosstanie 1707–1708 (Bulavinsky uprising 1707–1708). Moscow, Enlightenment, 1969. 155 p.
32. Luchinin A.V. Vestnik Uralskogo instituta ehkonomiki, upravleniya i prava (Bulletin of the Ural Institute of Economics, Management and Law), 2009, Vol.8, no. 3, pp. 78–81.
33. Abramova T. A., Sapozhnikova V. P. XLIX Ogarovskiye chteniya (XLIX Ogarev readings). Saransk: National research Mordovian State University N.P. Ogaryova, 2021. Pp. 237–242.
34. Dobrynina M.V. Vestnik RMAT (Bulletin of the RMAT), 2019, no. 2, pp. 95–105.
35. Avenovich M. R. Perelomnye momenty istorii: lyudi, sobytiya, issledovaniya. K 350-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Petra Velikogo (Turning points of history: people, events, research. To the 350th anniversary of the birth of Peter the Great (St. Petersburg, April 1, 2022)). St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg. State University of Industrial Technology and Design, 2022, vol. 2, pp. 23–27.
36. Klassy i sosloviya srednevekovogo obshestva (Classes and estates of medieval society). Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1988. 216 p.
37. GorskyA. A. Srednie veka (Middle Ages), 2008, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 9–26.
38. Morozov S. «Dogonyayushhaya tsivilizatsiya»: Panorama istoricheskogo razvitiya Rossii (“Catching up with civilization”: A panorama of the historical development of Russia). Moscow: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2013. 480 p.
|
